10 Tips For Students To Write An Excellent Essay

10 Tips For Students To Write An Excellent Essay I think actual writing time is a bit optimistic in truth it would be an all-nighter and I have always worked better with less food. A belly full of porridge would send me back to bed but I'm a hefty bloke and missing a meal wont kill me. But, as we touched on earlier, not everyone can get their ideas written down and do it eloquently all in one go. Once you've done this, actually writing the essay should just be a case of bulking out each point and filling in the gaps. Start with the most obvious or all-encompassing argument, as this will allow you to progressively go into more detail on each of the smaller arguments â€" one of the keys to a good essay. Next, decide your approach â€" how are you going to tackle the question? It's your essay and, as long as you keep relating your arguments to the question, you can take it in any direction you choose. You can also visit allassignmenthelp.com to get quick online essay help. Students love Time4Writing’s online writing courses because they help develop strong writing skills and a high level of comfort with the entire writing process. If this is you, then take this time to refine what you've produced and make sure it gets full marks for written communication. Use the research you gathered earlier to support the key ideas you set out in your outline, but don't ramble for the sake of it. Try to be concise and have faith that the strength of your arguments will take you to around 2,500 words. While your essay plan should see you through, there's nothing to say that more ideas won't occur to you as you go along. You've had your brain-fuelling lunch, and now it's time to get typing. I think it depends a lot on your personality, but forcing myself to be consistent day in and day out helps me get my books done. Without a daily word count, I would never complete them. For assignments that require double spacing, it would take approximately 250 words to fill the page. Again, the type of font used can make the word count higher or lower, but it’s a good rule of thumb for those who are simply looking for a general estimation. The essay needs to answer the question or, you can say the topic assigned to you. A short or brief essay is defined by its length and the depth of ideas which are presented in it. There is a limited word count for this type of an essay, so you need to make sure that you put in right words and ideas. You might be facing difficulties in writing a 200 word essay or a 500 word essay, but don’t worry as I am here to help you. For example, if you are writing on any journalism topic, then go for BBC or other well-known news websites. Always avoid the least reliable sources, such as blogs or random articles. Well, I hope, that the above sections cleared it all. To make it more clear for you, here are a few examples which you can refer to understand more. I am a medical student, and I have to write an essay about cancer. I fucked up by leaving it to the last minute, but the time required to research the content spans a couple of weeks. This is genuinely brilliant I have been in this situation a few times and this is exactly the best process I wish I had seen this as an undergraduate. These are short essay examples which you will easily understand. As a short essay is determined by its length, it should have maximum of 3 body paragraphs. Each paragraph can represent one point but, there should be a flow between those paragraphs. The introductory paragraph must introduce the idea which will be discussed in the essay. Don't worry, it's far from the only brain food that'll help you write an essay. Check out our list of the best foods for brain fuel to see what else will get you off to the best start (and keep that flying start going!). If your information is from reliable sources, your chances of getting excellence will get high. Try to go for the websites that end with .edu or .gov. Also, if you're using Microsoft Word to write your essay, make use of the automatic referencing system. Now it's time to gather the all-important information and quotes to support your arguments. It might seem a little counter-intuitive to start writing an essay before you've sourced all your quotes and references, but there's a method to our madness.

Writing A GRE Issue Essay Useful Tips & Strong Examples

Natural Therapies Institute Where Can I Get Great GRE Issue Essay Examples A GRE issue essay is designed to check whether you can use your writing, analytical, and reasoning skills while you are responding to a certain issue. When you are preparing for the GRE test, you should pay attention to the necessary component that measures your analytical writing abilities. You should understand the assigned problem, develop your own position, and whether you agree or disagree with the claims of others. It sounds complicated, but you should not come up with a single right answer; your task is rather to develop your ideas and defend them efficiently by using your skills and common knowledge. Sample GRE issue essay topics are easily found online or in numerous manuals and textbooks. You can visit your school library or go to the nearest academic writing center to get information about the test and how to prepare for it. One of the most popular suggestions is to look through great examples of writing responses. The advantages of such a preparation method are the following: You will figure out what topics you may be required to cover in your paper. The essays are usually provided exactly as written, so you will understand what mistakes you should avoid. It is a good idea to realize how the example meets the assessment criteria for a received score. It is useful to learn the winning ways to organize your writing. Other writers demonstrate different approaches to a position development and logical reasoning. In an example paper, you can follow how its author makes effective transitions both within and between paragraphs. Obviously, to learn everything mentioned above, you should pick top-scored essays. You can find the best examples if you check the resources mentioned below: The official website of the GRE Websites of professional writing agencies Educational resources for students English language study portals Student educational forums GRE study groups Materials at the school library If you want, you can consult your supervisor or talk to your classmates in order to find out where they got GRE writing samples. Typically, students use several resources, trying to read and analyze as many examples as they can. It makes sense to discuss different practices together. Group study sessions are an effective way to improve your understanding of the assignment and study great techniques that will help you get a desired score. However, only practice makes perfect, so you should also write several essays to develop the necessary skills. Expert admission essay writing service - get your essays written by professional application essay writer.

The Social Construction Of Illness - 1399 Words

Introduction History shows that our understanding of health and illness is variable. The way that a society views and interprets an illness deviates from the raw, natural interpretation made by biologists and physicians. It is believed that illness, a social phenomenon, is created out of disease, a biological phenomenon, through social construction. Social construction of illness emphasizes that the meaning of illness develops through interaction in a social context. While the medical model assumes that illness is invariant in time and place, social construction suggests that cultural and social systems shape the meaning and experience of illness. In short, illness has more than just a simple presence in nature. Illness is multifaceted, with a social aspect that exists independent of its medical nature. In his book, Profession of Medicine, Eliot Friedson introduced an important piece of groundwork for the social construction of illness. He provided an example for how an illness exerts soci al consequences on an individual, independent of its biological effects. He wrote that a physician changes the behavior of an individual when he or she diagnoses him or her with an illness. The sick individual has the disease prior to the diagnosis, but it is the diagnosis that labels the individual as â€Å"ill.† The diagnosis groups the signs and symptoms of the individual into an illness. From there on out, the individual is perceived by society as â€Å"ill.† The associationShow MoreRelatedA Social Construction Of Illness And Disease Essay2223 Words   |  9 PagesSubmission ID: Medicalisation The Emergence of Medicalisation: A Social Construction of Illness and Disease The conceptualisation of medicine as an institution of societal control was first theorised by Parsons (1951), and from this stemmed the notion of the deviant termed illness in which the â€Å"sick role† was a legitimised condition. 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The goal should be molding society where fighting mental illness is considered aRead MoreMedical Sociology Is Usually Referred To As The Sub Branch1539 Words   |  7 Pagesand analyses the social causes and subsequent outcomes pertaining to health and illness (Cockerham, 2014). In this context mention may be made of the health status of individuals and populations that are not uniform and consistent the reby leads to inequity. The factors governing these disparities do not necessarily emanate from the genetic predispositions of the concerned person but is largely dependent upon factors impacted by the political and social forces of a nation, social and economic practicesRead MoreEssay on Inequalities in Health1301 Words   |  6 PagesInequalities in Health A lot of characteristics of different social classes have changed over the years as society has changed, and the divisions between different classes are perhaps not as clear as they used to be. But it is just as possible to find hundreds of ways in which the lifestyles, behaviour, opportunities and judgments of people are still greatly influenced by the social class they belong to. There are clear differences shown in the relationships betweenRead MoreIndivdual Cultural Framework1122 Words   |  5 PagesInterview An individual’s cultural framework influences his or her thoughts, actions, and decisions (Witkin, 2012). It is imperative that during the interview process, the social worker is cognizant of both the details provided by the client and, the client’s cultural background. This knowledge can then be incorporated by the social worker into the helping process (Murphy Dillon, 2011a). This paper will examine cultural worldviews discussed during an interview with Jamie, a fellow University of WashingtonRead MoreHow Important Is Mapping Policy? The South Carolina Department Of Mental Health?1415 Words   |  6 Pagespolicy governs the relationship among agency staff members, provide order and direction. Policy can help to develop a plan of action to address a social issue such as mental illness. As a mental health counselor, I chose to policy map the South Carolina Department of Mental Health (SCDMH). I will examine this agency and its policies, including its social agency h istory, mission, money stream, purpose, budget, overall purpose, and effectiveness. My mission is to create a policy map that explains theRead MorePersonal Phyosophy in Nursing764 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup and their social and spiritual needs. The outcome is related to the interactions with physical and social connections. These connections influence how the patient manages their health well-being and their self-preservation. People need care on different levels at different times of their lives. When the nurse is treating a patient the care doesn’t end with just the patient. There is network of relationships with different people in their life; they are affected by the illness as well. IncorporatingRead MoreSocial Work Values And Ethics1441 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: Social Work Values and Ethics 1 Social Work Values and Ethics Unique to the Profession Jessica A. Rosario Arizona State University Social Work Values and Ethics 2 Abstract The history and evolution of social work dates to the late 1800’s. Since the profession was recognized many concerns arose regarding the values and ethics of social workers. The key points of the

Introduction to National Health Service

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to National Health Service. Answer: Introduction Healthcare services are vital in every nation. The development of NHS with the aim to improve the health care outcomes has enhanced the quality of care services for the patient largely. It radically changed the dissemination of the information related to the patients health care (Waterson 2014). The paper is an information booklet, which concerns the National Health Service (NHS) guide and intends to provide insight into its history and status. The paper provides the details of NHS objectives and explains its role and structure. It describes the structure and role of the Department of Work and Pension (DWP) and highlights the structure and role within the hospital as well as the responsibilities of the key hospital personnel. The structure and role within a general practice will be discussed and describe the role played by the three personnel within general practise. Further, the author will discuss the aim and vision of the NHS and information on the current issues related to the NHS. The development of the National Health Service (NHS) NHS was launched in the year 1948 and is currently known to be the worlds largest health service that is publicly funded (Reynolds and McKee 2012). It was born to make healthcare services free for everyone depending upon the citizenship. This service came into effect after the release of The Beveridge report in the year 1942 named as Social Insurance and Allied services. It was during the period of World War II, that William Beveridge composed this report. The aim of the report was to end the Five Giants these are Disease, Want, Ignorance, Idleness and squalor (Waterson 2014). The development of NHS is evident in increase of its budget 10 times more than what it was in 1948 ( 437 million). In todays value it can be say 9 billion. NHS received 10 fold higher amount than this in the year 2008-2009 (Ocloo and Fulop 2012). The biggest part of the NHS is in England, which serves around population of 51 million and has employed more than 1.3 million people. NHS is financed by central taxation system by which government receives tax revenues to purchase health services for the population. However, these services are separately managed in Wales, Scotland and England (England, N.H.S. and Care Quality Commission, 2014). Structure and role of NHS Originally the structure of the NHS was called as the Tripartie System which contains the three parts, which are- primary care, hospital services, and community services (Choices, N.H.S. 2013). These services are provided by the same doctors and the same hospitals. NHS has a hierarchical system. Major structural changes occurred after the Health and Social Care Act, 2013. Figure: new structure of NHS (Source: Hjortdahl et al. 2014) The Secretary of State for Health takes entire responsibility of the department of health. The later provides strategic leadership in England for NHS, public health and Social care. NHS England plays a role by setting priorities and goals for NHS. It is the commissioner for the services of GPs, dentists, pharmacists and manages the overall budget. On the other hand the Clinical Commissioning Groups plans and commissions the health care services for the local area. The secondary care services include rehabilitive care and emergency care. The health and well being boards works to strengthen relationship between social care and health. The public health England supports local public health based on evidence (Hjortdahl et al. 2014). Structure and role of DWP in relation to health and social care DWP is a welfare system that effectively assists and guides people to gain financial independence by employment. DWP is known to be responsible for pensions, welfare, and child maintenance policy. This system is fair and affordable and it improves and increases the life chances of children. It is the UKs biggest department related to public service. It administers the State Pension as well as disability and ill health benefits to over 20 million customers (Hughes and Stewart 2013). Ten agencies and other public bodies anchor this ministerial department. This department consists of the two executive agencies, which are: The Pension Service and the Disability and Carers Service. The public bodies of the department are as follow: ThePensions Regulator TheHealth and Safety Executive ThePensions Ombudsman (Nakatudde et al. 2014) The Pension Service and the Disability and Carers Service along with the job centres operate under the network of contact centres, benefit processing centres and 1,000 Jobcentres, across the UK (Hughes and Stewart 2013). The secretary of state for work and pensions undertakes responsibility related to benefit entitlement in delegation with decision makers. The Ministry of justice runs the appeal system with help of tribunal services. The HM revenue and Customs makes decision related to child benefit, tax credits and guardians allowance. The decision makers make decision related to social fund (Nakatudde et al. 2014). According to Hughes and Stewart (2013), DWP deals with poverty issues. It encourages people with disability to work and be independent. It provides the people of pension age with decent income and promotes their retirement savings. Its role is to reduce error and fraud by giving value for money. Its role is to reduce work place injuries and death via Health and safety executive. The pension services is dedicated towards current and future pensioners and it administers the winter fuel payments, pension credit, (Waterson 2014). The Disability and Carers service offers benefits such as: Attendance Allowance Carers Allowance Vaccine Damage Payment Disability Living Allowance Personal Independence Payment (Hughes and Stewart 2013) DWPrequires the Healthcare Professionals to provide clinical information in case it is difficult to make a decision regarding the award of benefit.DWP canobtain this information by sending form BI205 (to GPs) or BI127A (to hospitals). The structure within the Hospital The Secretary of State for Health takes entire responsibility of the department of health. The later provides strategic leadership in England for NHS, public health and Social care. NHS England plays a role by setting priorities and goals for NHS. It is the commissioner for the services of GPs, dentists, pharmacists and manages the overall budget. On the other hand the Clinical Commissioning Groups plans and commissions the health care services for the local area. The secondary care services include rehabilitive care and emergency care. The health and well being boards works to strengthen relationship between social care and health. The public health England supports local public health based on evidence (Hjortdahl et al. 2014). Role of key hospital personnel The human resource staffs handle the employment issues of medical and non-medical staff. They can recruit or fire employees and make new laws. The hospital managers perform activities such as data centered activities, bringing improvement in culture, promoting quality care, developing measures for quality improvement and mandate policy systems. General practitioners treat common medical conditions. They refer patients to clinics and medical services for emergency and special treatment. They focus on patients health considering the social, physical, and psychological aspects of care. Nurses provide care to the patients by timely administration of medicines and emergency services in absence of the GP (Ocloo and Fulop 2012). The structure within a General Practice The changes focused to have the GPs control on most of the budget of NHS. The government accepted the proposal and created the clinical commissioning groups which consists of General Practioners (GP), nurses and doctors (Canivet et al. 2013). If this proposal is accepted then the doctors will be able to purchase care from providers including the private companies and willing voluntary groups. According to Bellamy et al. (2014) the government believes that this plan would favour the NHS to overcome challenges such as a growing elderly population. The NHS services were developed to meet the patients needs by effective delivery of the health care services. These services includes varying responsibilities including assessment of population needs To prioritise the health outcomes Procurement of products and services Service providers management (Higgins et al. 2014) The role played by NHS includes addressing the local health issues by patient concordance and providing treatment as per the standards of NICE commissioning boards to meet the health targets (England, N.H.S. and Care Quality Commission, 2014). NHS provides patient centered care and engages patients in decision making. NHS is playing an effective role by providing the patients with additional options and giving them control over the services and information. NHS tries to be in the best interest of the client. Without the patient consent, the NHS does not make any decision. Role of three personnel within general practise General practitioners treat common medical conditions. They refer patients to clinics and medical services for emergency and special treatment. They focus on patients health considering the social, physical, and psychological aspects of care (de Bono 2014). GPs are primary care doctors who firstly contact NHS for their community people. They help patients by identifying and addressing the early stage problems that may be cancer, infectious disease. They treat conditions such as hypertension, asthma, diabetes, and psychiatric illness. Intervention process includes prescribing medication, one-to-one sessions, protecting vulnerable children, carrying out audits to improve the health outcomes (Choices, N.H.S. 2013). Nurses provide care to the patients by timely administration of medicines and emergency services in absence of the GP (). The policy regulators regulate the existing policies and make new policies if required. The current aims and vision of the NHS Lord Darzi has proposed the modernisation of the NHS services. The vision of NHS is provision of quality of care rather than quantity of care. It aims to provide patient centered care. The NHS outcome framework addresses the treatment effectiveness, patient safety and experience (Loveday et al. 2014). NHS has currently predesigned its services to improve the health outcomes and expects to fit the patients in these services instead of adjusting the services according to the patients. Currently, it is planning to remodel the management layers and improve its clinical staff. In future, it will be accountable for every evidence-based outcome measures but not the process targets. The NHS commissioning board will be responsible to eliminate any inequalities in the health outcomes (Higgins et al., 2014). NHS plans to establish GP consortia as well as transfer of responsibilities from the Primary care trusts. Therefore, providing GPs with more to prioritise the health issues and accordingly allocate the funds within the population. This ensures efficient utilisation of the taxpayers money. The new system of NHS requires the providers to manage the data related to healthcare with contractual obligations (Hjortdahl et al. 2014). Currently, it aims to provide education and training for medical professionals to positively influence their work performance and enhance knowledge. According to (Ocloo and Fulop (2012) the NHS pay and staffing is subjected to the health employers. Presently, it also aims to make the system decentralised, which appears to be difficult as the ministers make the decisions related to staffing and affordability. Current issues related to the NHS According to Sunderland et al. (2013) NHS has achieved poor health outcomes in the areas of respiratory difficulties, cancer, cardiovascular diseases. The NHS system of providing the incentives based on the number of patients registered has restricted the population in rural areas from GP surgeries due to insufficient money. In addition, the consideration of prices and payments are on the basis of high quality and efficient services. It is also dependent on the treatment of the local population. Hence, the population with healthy and rich life style may exhibit better outcomes with little intervention from GP whereas; the deprived communities with excess health issues may show poor health outcomes. As per the new system of Equity and Excellence, patients are allowed to choose a consultant according to their medical condition. It in turn makes difficult for the GP while deciding for any particular treatment process for the patient. Moreover, the chosen GP might charge higher than preferred by other GP thus, leading to the overspending of the budget. Additionally, if too many patients choose particular GP, it will increase the waiting time affecting the health care outcomes. There are agreement issues between Monitor system and GP once the patient decision is considered. The other disadvantage includes the long waiting time for non-emergency services such as dental services, ambulance services etc. as well as increased cost modernised treatment facilities and technology (Reynolds and McKee 2012). The GPs are given the responsibility of co-ordinating patient care, which consumes extra time in negotiating with the other care providers for patient referrals. This financial negotiation hampers the primary responsibility of treating patients of care providers (Waterson 2014). References Banks, J., Blundell, R. and Emmerson, C., 2015. Disability benefit receipt and reform: reconciling trends in the United Kingdom.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(2), pp.173-190. Bellamy, J., Paleologos, Z., Kemp, B., Carter, S. and King, S., 2014.Caring into Old Age: The wellbeing and support needs of parent carers of people with disabilities. Anglicare Diocese of Sydney, Social Policy and Research Unit, Sydney. Canivet, C., Choi, B., Karasek, R., Moghaddassi, M., Staland-Nyman, C. and stergren, P.O., 2013. Can high psychological job demands, low decision latitude, and high job strain predict disability pensions? A 12-year follow-up of middle-aged Swedish workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health,86(3), pp.307-319. Choices, N.H.S., 2013. The NHS in England.NHS choices website. Available at: www. nhs. uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/overview. aspx (accessed on 20 May 2013). de Bono, A.M., 2014. The implications of the Francis report for occupational health in the NHS.Occupational Medicine,64(7), pp.478-480. England, N.H.S. and Care Quality Commission, 2014. NHS five year forward view.London: NHS England, pp.16-16. Higgins, A., Porter, S. and O'Halloran, P., 2014. General practitioners' management of the long-term sick role.Social Science Medicine,107, pp.52-60. Hjortdahl, M., Zakariassen, E. and Wisborg, T., 2014. The role of general practitioners in the pre hospital setting, as experienced by emergency medicine technicians: a qualitative study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine,22(1), p.1. Hughes, G. and Stewart, J. eds., 2013.The role of the state in pension provision: employer, regulator, provider. Springer Science Business Media. Loveday, H.P., Wilson, J., Pratt, R.J., Golsorkhi, M., Tingle, A., Bak, A., Browne, J., Prieto, J. and Wilcox, M., 2014. epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England.Journal of Hospital Infection,86, pp.S1-S70. Nakatudde, R., Ige, T., Ibn Seddik, A. and El-Shahat, K., 2014. THE ROLE OF HEALTH MANAGERS IN PROMOTING MEDICAL PHYSICISTS IN AFRICA.MEDICAL PHYSICS INTERNATIONAL,2(1), p.27. Ocloo, J.E. and Fulop, N.J., 2012. Developing a criticalapproach to patient and public involvement in patient safety in the NHS: learning lessons from other parts of the public sector?.Health Expectations,15(4), pp.424-432. Pickard, L., King, D., Brimblecombe, N. and Knapp, M., 2015. The effectiveness of paid services in supporting unpaid carers employment in England.Journal of social policy,44(03), pp.567-590. Reynolds, L. and McKee, M., 2012. Opening the oyster: the 201011 NHS reforms in England.Clinical medicine,12(2), pp.128-132. Sunderland, M., Newby, J.M. and Andrews, G., 2013. Health anxiety in Australia: prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service use.The British Journal of Psychiatry,202(1), pp.56-61. Waterson, P., 2014. Health information technology and sociotechnical systems: A progress report on recent developments within the UK National Health Service (NHS).Applied Ergonomics,45(2), pp.150-161.

Law and Ethics, Patients Rights in Practice free essay sample

In particular, those aspects observed by the student relating to patients privacy, confidentiality and any situations which warranted a limitation to patient privacy will be described and discussed with reference to patients rights. Situations in the hospital setting where the student nurse viewed health professionals informing patients about treatment options, encouraging patients to take action in decisions about their health, and gaining informed, voluntary consent prior to procedures will be discussed. An explanation of reasons for selecting privacy and consent as two essential concepts which health providers must understand will be illustrated. The legal and ethical responsibility of health care providers in relation to the aforementioned fundamental principles of achieving patient privacy and gaining informed voluntary consent will be examined with a clear emphasis on patient’ rights. While on clinical placement, the student nurse observed health professionals maintaining patient privacy to a high standard by consistently shutting curtains around patient’s beds, lowering their voices when working with patients in rooms containing multiple beds, courteously requesting visitors to leave the room when procedures of a sensitive nature were preformed and closing patient’s doors to limit unwanted interference from hallways. We will write a custom essay sample on Law and Ethics, Patients Rights in Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to show patients respect, dignity and consideration, which are outlined as a fundamental patient right in the Queensland Health Public Patient’s Charter (2002), patients were consistently examined in areas that were as private as was possible at the time. This attempt by health care providers to maintain the physical privacy of all patients by consistently minimizing unwarranted outside attention is a clear demonstration of how health care providers maintained patient dignity, consideration and respect. According to the Ramsay Health Care/Cairns Private Hospital Patient Charter (nd. , patients have a right to be treated with courtesy throughout their hospital experience. The actions of the health care team correlate positively to this statement as through the maintenance of patient’s physical privacy, health care providers are demonstrating consideration for their patients and respecting their rights set forth in both the Queensland Health public patient charte r and the Ramsay health care charter. Throughout the clinical placement of the student nurse, the health care facility in question demonstrated exceptional adherence to national privacy principles 4. set forth in the Privacy Amendment Act (2000). Initiatives currently in place at Cairns Private Hospital ensure confidentiality of both patient’s medical records as well as patient’s personal details by limiting outside access to confidential information and preventing health care professionals from transmitting such information to the broader community. One such example observed by the student nurse involves the hospitals policy preventing nurses from leaving the hospital with materials used in nursing handovers that contain information regarding patient’s condition and personal details. The destruction of such material prevents the transmission of private information to the wider community and demonstrates the role of health care providers in maintaining patient privacy. According to the national privacy principle 4. 1 extracted from the Privacy Amendment (Private Sector) Act (2000, p. 9), â€Å"An organisation must take reasonable steps to protect the personal information it holds from misuse and loss and from unauthorised access, modification or disclosure. Therefore, by ensuring patients information is protected from unauthorised access and disclosure, Cairns Private Hospital is fulfilling the legal obligations set forth for private organizations in the Privacy Amendment Act (2000) principle 4. 1. Patient’s right to have their personal information kept private and confidential, as outlined in the Queensland Health Public Patient’s Charter (2002), was also exceptionally demonstrated by those nurses with whom the student nurse was in contact during c linical placement. Health care providers consistently maintained patient confidentiality by limiting discussion of patient’s condition to those situations where health care providers must share patient information to improve patient care. When the student nurse observed an exchange of information between health care providers pertaining to patient’s condition, it occurred in a manner such that other patients or visitors were unable to discern the content of discussion. This includes, but is not limited to, patient information related in nursing handovers. By treating patient’s personal information obtained in a professional capacity as confidential, nurses are adhering to the expected national standards for Australian nurses as stated in ANC Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia (nd. ). The importance of maintaining patient privacy is unquestionable. Patients belief that health care professionals will handle their personal information with respect, dignity and maintain their confidentiality not only illustrates the ethical and legal responsibilities of health care providers, but correlates positively with the formation of trust between patient and nurse. According to Stein-Parbury (2005 p. 42), â€Å"†¦ without trust, there is minimal self-disclosure and little chance that patients will share their experiences with nurses or that nurses will come to understand patients’ experiences. † Therefore, through the maintenance of patient privacy and confidentiality, the element of trust, which forms the basis of all nurse-patient relationships, is strengthened. Crisp and Taylor (2005), illustrated the importance of patient privacy and confidentiality as without these two essential components patients would not feel able to tell health care professionals their most intimate and private details. This potential hesitation to share personal information with health providers can have a negative impact on the provision of care and can ultimately lead to treatment that does not take into consideration essential aspects of patient’s health. The maintenance of patient’s privacy is essential in both building trust between nurse and patient and providing holistic nursing care. As stated previously, the maintenance of patient privacy has implications in both legal and ethical spheres and is paramount to the formation of the nurse-patient relationship. Student nurses must therefore gain an understanding of the importance of maintaining patient privacy to ensure that once qualified as a registered nurse, one will understand the reasons why legally and ethically we must adhere to the guidelines. In today’s health care setting, the emphasis of patient’s rights and understanding these rights is paramount if one wishes to practice safe appropriate care for all peoples. It is for these reasons that the central issue of patient privacy was selected for consideration. Although the importance of maintaining patient privacy is unquestionable, there are ertain situations that warrant the sharing of patient information. As observed by the student nurse, health care professionals continuously share patient information between themselves in attempts to allow allied health professionals to provide appropriate holistic patient care. In today’s hospitals, with shift work and the increasing specialization of various allied healt h workers, it is essential that patient information is shared to improve patients care and outcome. In order to achieve appropriate care for patient’s, this is a requirement and will not be considered as a breach of patient privacy. This team work approach to health care is viewed as of benefit to the patient and is absolutely essential is today’s health care facilities where health care professionals are increasingly working in more specialized fields. Throughout the entire clinical placement, the student nurse consistently observed health providers informing patients of their various treatment options, encouraging patients to take an active role in decisions about their health, and ultimately gaining informed voluntary consent prior to any procedure. As outlined in the Queensland Health Public Patients Charter (2002), and the Ramsay Health Care/Cairns Private Hospital Patient Charter (nd. ), patients have a right to easy to understand information about their condition, treatment options, risks, and expected outcomes. The health providers viewed by the student nurse exemplified exceptional adherence to the patients right to accurate information as nurses were observed directly informing patients wherever possible about their treatment options, risks, and choices available to them. Health care providers not only adhered to their legal obligation of providing treatment information to patients, but did so in a way that reflected nurses ability to use due care in support of their ethical responsibilities. According to the Ramsay Health Care/Cairns Private Hospital Patient Charter (nd. ), patients have a right to ask questions and seek clarification in regards to matters that concern them. The actions of the health care team exemplified good practice with reference to this patient right. Health care providers were willing at all times to respond to patients questions or concerns and faced each situation with enthusiasm and clear respect for patients right to ask questions and seek clarification. Patients right to take part in decisions about their health care as stated in the Queensland Public Health Charter ( 2002), was viewed by the student nurse to occur in conjunction with the aforementioned patient right to information about treatment. By providing patients with easy to understand information about their condition, it allowed patients to make informed choices regarding their treatment and overall health. Health professionals were observed to provide patients with the information they require such that patients could make their own decisions regarding their treatment options. By thoroughly providing patients with necessary information as well as encouraging patients to take an active role in decisions about their health, health providers were empowering patients and fostering patient’s autonomy. Autonomy, the freedom to decide and act (Stein-Parbury, 2005), can be enhanced when a patient is given information about their condition and encouraged to take an active role in making decisions about their health. Informing patients of various treatment options and encouraging patients to take an active role in decisions about their health are fundamental components of informed voluntary consent. Informed voluntary consent may be implied, written or verbally given. The student nurse observed various nurses obtaining implied consent from patients when performing routine procedures such as taking a blood pressure reading. The student also viewed health providers obtaining verbal consent from patients when preforming procedures such as showering and mobilizing patients. The health providers adhered to the legal requirements which state that consent must be voluntarily given and informed (Forrester Griffiths, 2005). The actions of the health care team correlate positively to the statements set forth in both the Queensland Health Public Patients Charter (2002) and the ANMC Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia (nd. ). The charter asserts that patients have the right to give their permission before they are treated. Whether consent was implied or verbal, the student nurse observed patients giving their permission prior to any procedure. According to Value Statement 2 in the Code of Nursing Ethics (nd. ), nurses must accept the rights of individuals to make informed choices in relation to their care. By ensuring that patients right to make informed choices in relation to their care and obtaining informed voluntary consent, health providers are meeting their legal and ethical obligations surrounding patients consent. It is essential that student nurses have an understanding of their moral and legal requirements surrounding patients consent. If a health provider performs a procedure without acquiring consent, there is a possibility that their actions legally may amount to assault or battery. According to Forrester and Griffiths (2005), battery involves the unlawful touching of a person without his or her consent. In charges of battery, there is no requirement that the patient sustains any injuries as a result of health professionals unlawful touching. Health providers must therefore have an understanding of the legal ramifications surrounding consent to ensure that they provide safe nursing care based on respecting patient’s legal rights. It is for this reason that the issue of patient’s consent was included for discussion in this paper. It is becoming increasingly important for health professionals to have an understanding of their legal and ethical responsibility for the maintenance of patient privacy and obtaining informed voluntary consent prior to preforming any procedure with patients. With the emphasis on patiens rights becoming more prevalent in the health care setting, it is essential that health care workers respect patient’s rights which include, but are not limited to, maintaining patient privacy and obtaining informed voluntary consent. The health providers present at the health care facility attended by the student nurse were observed to demonstrate good practice with respect to patients’ rights as set forth in the Queensland Health Public Patients Charter (2002).

Chemical Composition of Black Powder or Gunpowder

Chemical Composition of Black Powder or Gunpowder Black powder is the name given to the earliest known chemical explosive. It is used as a blasting powder and a propellant for firearms, rockets, and fireworks. The composition of black powder or gunpowder is not set. In fact, several different compositions have been used throughout history. Heres a look at some of the most notable or common compositions, plus the composition of modern black powder. Black Powder Basics Theres nothing complicated about the formulation of black powder. It consists of charcoal (carbon), saltpeter (potassium nitrate or sometimes sodium nitrate), and sulfur. Charcoal and sulfur act as the fuel for the explosion, while saltpeter acts as an oxidizer. Sulfur also lowers the ignition temperature, which increases the combustion rate. Charcoal is used instead of pure carbon because it contains incompletely decomposed cellulose. It has a much lower autoignition temperature. Black powder made using pure carbon will ignite, but it wont explode. In commercial black powder preparation, potassium nitrate or another nitrate (e.g., sodium nitrate) usually is coated with graphite (a form of carbon). This helps prevent electrostatic charge build-up, reducing the chance a stray spark will prematurely ignite the mixture. Sometimes black powder is tumbled with graphite dust after it is mixed to coat the grains. In addition to reducing static, the graphite reduces moisture absorption, which could prevent gunpowder from igniting. Notable Black Powder Compositions Typical modern gunpowder consists of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur in a 6:1:1 or 6:1.2:0.8 ratio. Historically significant formulations have been calculated on a percentage basis: Formula Saltpeter Charcoal Sulfur Bishop Watson, 1781 75.0 15.0 10.0 British Government, 1635 75.0 12.5 12.5 Bruxelles studies, 1560 75.0 15.62 9.38 Whitehorne, 1560 50.0 33.3 16.6 Arderne lab, 1350 66.6 22.2 11.1 Roger Bacon, c. 1252 37.50 31.25 31.25 Marcus Graecus, 8th century 69.22 23.07 7.69 Marcus Graecus, 8th century 66.66 22.22 11.11 Source: The Chemistry of Gun Powder and Explosives

Final exam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Final exam - Research Paper Example I interviewed two of the students who attended the festival, John and Stephen, and they attended the festival because they have a passion for music, particularly the guitar. In the interview, I asked the students about the course they were pursuing at the university, why they attended the festival, how they came to learn about the festival, and whether they would like to have similar festivals in the future. From the responses obtained, both interviewees were pursuing music as a major course, and that they attended the festival because they have a profound passion for music. Additionally, they noted that they learnt about the event through a poster and that they would like to have such events in the future. The turnout of the event was not pleasing and most of the students who attended the event were pursuing Music. This implies that the event was not publicized enough to grant a huge attendance. As a result, future events should be publicized not only through posters but also throug h word of mouth, posters, and announcements in gatherings. Task 2 I visited Nielsen Market Research Company on 2nd May. This was after I had informed the company about my visit and arranged for it. The organization takes immense pride in its focus group facilities. The company allowed me to be part of a focus group. The company’s focus group facilities are structured with the effort of experienced arbitrators and other company clients. The rooms provide a friendly surrounding for face to face interviews. The rooms can allow a capacity of not more than 30 people at a time. After arrival, I was directed to the focus group rooms where I was ushered in and offered a comfortable seat. I was involved in a focus group that aimed at identifying how to position Pepsi’s new low sugar drink. The discussion was controlled by a moderator. The walls were sound proof to avoid interruptions within the company and the room temperatures were controlled. The room was surveyed through cam eras, which I later learnt that the clients were watching us from a lounge within the company premises. Task 3 Product promotion aims at increasing the sales volume of the product. The effectiveness of such a promotion is determined through numerous factors such as increase in sales and recall among the consumers. Measures of the effectiveness of adverts can be direct or indirect. Direct measures aims at determining the relationship between the advert and product sales. Indirect measures determine factors such as product consciousness among the purchasers and customer recall. In the research to determine the effectiveness of condom adverts, the respondents were exposed to numerous questions. They were exposed to the following questions. i. Please name all the condom adverts that you can remember ii. Do you recognize this advert? (after exposure to the advert) iii. How many times have you seen the advert? a. Few b. None c. Many iv. Do you think the advert is relevant? a. Strongly Dis agree b. Disagree c. Agree d. Strongly Agree v. Would you buy the product? The respondents were exposed to the following adverts Advert 1 Advert 2 The